Iko kukura kwekushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve simba ndiro musimboti wekuchinja kwesimba: nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza, izvi zviri kuwedzera kushanda uye kukwikwidza, nepo matekinoroji matsva ari pedyo.

Havasi ivo chete vanogadzira magetsi pasina kuburitsa magasi egreenhouse, iwo zvakare anenge asingapere. Masimba anovandudzwa ndiwo musimboti wekuchinja kwesimba. Kutaura chokwadi, simba rinoshandiswa harina kuvandudzwa asi kuti rinoshandurwa kuita magetsi. Aya ndiwo masimba emagetsi semhepo uye chiedza chezuva chinozvivandudza pachacho chakazvimiririra chero chinoshandiswa pazviri, kusiyana ne, semuenzaniso, mafuta emafuta akadai semarasha nemafuta.

Mature matekinoroji: hydroelectric uye geothermal simba

Nzira yekare yekugadzira magetsi kubva kune zvinogadziriswazve ndeyemagetsi emvura(yekutanga magetsi emagetsi anodzokera kumagumo e1800s) uye zvakare ndiyo hombe, ine yepasi rose yakaiswa inodarika iyo yemamwe ese anovandudzwa masosi akasanganiswa. Iyi tekinoroji yakakura iyo isingazvikwerete kune zvinokanganisa shanduko, asi matekinoroji matsva anogona kuwedzera kushanda kwezvirimwa uye kurebesa hupenyu hwazvo. Uyezve, munyika dzakawanda, kunyanya nyika dzichiri kusimukira, kuchine mukana wakakura wekukura mukushandisa mari muzviwanikwa zvemvura zvenyika.

Geothermal energy ndiyo imwe tekinoroji yakagadzwa, inodzokera kumashure kwekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20. Chimiro chekutanga chepasi rose, muLarderello muTuscany, chakavhurwa muna 2011 asi kuedza kwekutanga kwakadzoka muna 1904. Simba reGeothermal nhasi rinotora chikamu chechipiri pasi rose, pamwe chete nokuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi dzinofarira zviwanikwa zvegeothermal. Innovative matekinoroji, akadailow enthalpyZvidyarwa zvegeothermal, zvinogona, zvisinei, kuwedzera huwandu hunogona kuitika hwenyika dzakakodzera kuvandudzwa kwesimba regeothermal.

Kukura kukuru kwesimba rezuva nemhepo

Solar photovoltaic simba, sesimba remhepo, ndiye protagonist yekuchinja kwesimba kuri kuitika iye zvino. Nepo kusvika makore mashoma apfuura basa rayo raionekwa serisingaverengeki, nhasi riri kusangana nekukura kwe rocketing: yepasi rose photovoltaic simba yakawedzera kubva pa40 GW muna 2010 kusvika ku580 GW muna 2019. kunyanya muchikamu chesainzi yemidziyo, iyo yakaita kuti photovoltaic zvirimwa zvikwikwidze mune zveupfumi nemafuta efosi. Maererano neInternational Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), mari yekugadzira magetsi kubva ku photovoltaics yakawa ne82% mumakore gumi apfuura. Uye maonero anotonyanya kuvimbisa: neazvino chizvarwa tekinoroji, zvinogoneka kuwedzera kugona kwema solar panels ne30% zvichienzaniswa nemazinga anhasi uye goho neinodarika 20%.

Tekinoroji yakaitawo nhanho huru kumberi muchikamu chesimba remhepo: nhasi maturbine emhepo anogona kureba kusvika ku200 metres mudhayamita uye anofanotaurwa kuti anowedzera zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera kwegoho kwadzikisira mitengo muchiitiko ichi zvakare: kubva 2010 kusvika 2019 mutengo wekugadzira simba remhepo pamahombekombe wakadonha ne39% uye offshore wakadonha ne29%. Mhedzisiro yave kukura kunoshamisa: huwandu hwese hwemapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe hwakakura kubva pa178 GW muna 2010 kusvika pa594 GW muna 2019.Offshore plantsvaona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma ne 28 GW chete yakaiswa muna 2019, asi mukana wekukura wakakura.

Emerging technologies: marine simba, hydrogen uye kuchengetedza

Pakati pemanyuko anovimbiswa zvikuru esimba rinodzokororwa renguva yemberi imakungwa edu nemakungwa, ane simba rawo guru: nzira iri pachena zvikuru yokubudisa magetsi ndeyokushandisa simba rinobudiswa nekufamba kwemafungu, asi imwe nzira ndeyokushandisa simba racho. zvemafungu, nebetsero yokuti aya anogona kufanotaurwa nenzira yakarurama. Dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira idzo dzinoenderana nekusiyana kwekushisa pakati pemvura yepamusoro nemvura yakadzika kana kunyange zvichienderana nekusiyana kwemunyu wemvura zhinji. Tekinoroji yekushandisa zvitubu izvi haisati yakura zvakakwana kuti ifambise kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira kwekutengesa, asi zvimwe zvidyarwa zvekuyedza uye prototypes zvakatogadzirwa uye zvakaburitsa mhedzisiro yakanaka, kunyanya idzo dzine chekuita nesave simba uye simba remvura. Iyo theoretical kugona inofungidzirwa pa700 GW uye 200 GW, zvichiteerana.

Imwe sosi yakakodzera kutaurwa ndeyehydrogen, iyo isiri iyo inopa simba asi pane simba vector iyo, kana iyo yakabudiswa inoshandiswa nekuvandudzwa, ndeye 100% yakasvibirira. Mupiro waro unogona kunyanya kukosha mukuita zvikamu zvakaoma kuisa magetsi, zvakadai seindasitiri inorema, kutakura, kubhururuka nendege uye kutakura migwagwa, kugadzikana. Iyo tekinoroji yehydrogen ichiri muchikamu chekutanga uye haisati yagadzirira kushandiswa pachiyero chekutengesa, asi kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe matekinoroji, nguva inodiwa kugadzirira tekinoroji iyi yekuburitsa yakakura ipfupi.

Kuchengetedza simbamasisitimu achaitawo basa rakasimba nekuti anodiwa kutsiva kupindirana kwesimba rinowanikwazve sezuva nemhepo. Nhoroondo, iyo inonyanya kukosha nzira yekuchengetedza yaivepombi yemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, asi kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakaona kukura kwakanyanya kwemabhatiri, kunyanya mabhatiri e-lithium ion, anogona kuwanikwa akazvimirira chero kupi. Kupararira kwezvidyarwa zvekuchengetedza simba kuchiri kushoma asi kuri kukura nekukurumidza, muchiitiko ichi zvakare, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji inogara ichivandudza kunaka uye kushanda kwemabhatiri uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira. Kana simba rekuchengetedza rakanyatsobatanidzwa mumagetsi emagetsi, mashizha emagetsi anogadziriswa achakwanisa kudyisa simba ravanobudisa mugridi chero nguva, pasinei nemamiriro ekunze: zvinozove zvichiita kuti uwane musanganiswa wekugadzira magetsi. isina hutsi. Ramangwana risiri kure.

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